The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded on December 13, 2023, with 198 negotiating parties reaching consensus on a resolution committing to a transition to a clean energy system and phasing out fossil fuels. In the coming crucial decade, countries must accelerate action to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

Key breakthroughs from the summit include:

• Global stocktake: Encourages countries to set ambitious emissions reduction targets to support climate action, increase renewable energy and efficiency by 2030, and gradually reduce coal use.
• Fossil fuels in the resolution: For the first time globally, the resolution explicitly mentions fossil fuels, committing to a just, orderly, and equitable transition away from fossil fuels.
• Global renewable energy target: 122 countries commit to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030 and double energy efficiency.
• Climate disaster compensation fund: Passes a draft agreement to help transfer funds to the poorest countries most at risk from climate hazards, with over $7 billion in funding pledged.

COP28 demonstrated global unity and a common effort to address climate change, together moving towards a greener, more sustainable future.